Retrofitting older homes with modern energy solutions can feel like a challenge—but the good news is, yes, a heat pump can work in an old house. With the right planning and setup, air to water heat pumps can efficiently heat and cool even drafty, pre-1970s homes.

This article explores the key considerations for installing a heat pump in older properties and offers guidance on maximizing performance and efficiency.

✅ Can Heat Pumps Be Used in Older Homes?

Yes. While older homes often have less insulation, single-pane windows, and radiator-based systems, a properly sized and installed air to water heat pump can work very effectively. Many European heritage homes and Victorian-era houses now use heat pumps successfully.

Key Considerations Before Installation

1. Insulation Levels

Older homes often have poor insulation, which affects heat retention. To ensure your heat pump performs well:

• Upgrade loft and wall insulation where possible.

• Consider double glazing or draught-proofing windows.

• Improve door seals.

A well-insulated house reduces heating demand and allows a lower temperature system like a heat pump to operate efficiently.

2. Existing Heating System Compatibility

Most old homes have:

• Radiators (sometimes oversized)

• Gas or oil boilers

✅ Good news: You can often reuse existing radiators, especially if they are large. Heat pumps deliver water at lower temperatures (~35–55°C), so radiators may need to be upsized or supplemented.

3. Space for Outdoor Unit and Cylinder

Air to water heat pumps require:

• An outdoor unit (ideally wall-mounted or ground-level)

• An indoor hot water cylinder (which may be larger than a combi boiler)

Check if your home has suitable space in the garden, utility room, or airing cupboard.

4. Electrical System Upgrades

Old houses may require an electrical panel upgrade to handle the power demands of a heat pump system, especially when combined with hot water storage or solar integration.

What Are the Benefits for Older Homes?

• Decarbonize heating (reduce reliance on gas or oil)

• Lower energy bills with government incentives (UK’s BUS scheme, U.S. IRA rebates, etc.)

• Quieter operation than older boilers

• ♻️ Improved indoor air quality (no combustion emissions)

Expert Tips for Success

• Get a heat loss calculation done by a certified installer.

• Choose a low-temperature heat pump with a high COP in cold weather.

• Consider integrating with solar PV or thermal to increase sustainability.

• Look for R290 or inverter technology for better efficiency in older builds.

Alternatives for Difficult Properties

If major insulation upgrades aren’t feasible, consider:

• Hybrid systems (heat pump + backup boiler)

• Zoned heating or underfloor retrofits in main areas

• Using heat pumps for domestic hot water only

Conclusion: Will a Heat Pump Work in My Old House?

Yes—with the right planning, an air to water heat pump can transform an older property into an efficient, low-carbon home. Partner with an experienced installer to evaluate your home’s heating needs and infrastructure. Retrofitting isn’t just possible—it’s a smart move toward the future.