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When researching or installing a heat pump, you'll often encounter two different units used to express heating capacity: BTU (British Thermal Units) and kW (kilowatts). Understanding how to convert between BTU and kW is essential for proper sizing, comparing systems, and interpreting manufacturer data from different regions.
In this guide, we break down the difference between BTU and kW, explain when each is used, and provide simple conversion formulas to help you translate power ratings effortlessly.
A unit of heat traditionally used in the US and UK.
Definition: The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1°F.
Commonly used in North America to express the power of HVAC systems, including heat pumps and air conditioners.
A unit of power used in the metric system, especially across Europe and Asia.
1 kW = 1,000 watts, or the energy used by a device consuming 1,000 joules per second.
The standard unit for electrical output or input in most global specifications, especially for heat pumps.
The standard conversion between BTU/hr and kW is:
1 kW = 3,412 BTU/hr
1 BTU/hr = 0.000293 kW
| BTU/hr | kW Equivalent |
|---|---|
| 3,412 | 1.0 kW |
| 6,824 | 2.0 kW |
| 10,236 | 3.0 kW |
| 17,060 | 5.0 kW |
| 34,120 | 10.0 kW |
| 68,240 | 20.0 kW |
Tip: For quick conversions, divide BTU/hr by 3,412 to get the power in kilowatts.
International Sizing: If you’re reading product specs from European and American manufacturers, you’ll see different units.
Efficiency Comparisons: To compare COP, SCOP, or annual running costs, consistent units (usually kW) are required.
Correct Installation: Undersizing or oversizing based on misinterpreted units can lead to poor performance or energy waste.
A US-spec heat pump is rated at 24,000 BTU/hr.
24,000 ÷ 3,412 = ~7.03 kW
So, it's roughly a 7 kW heat pump.
A European model lists a heating capacity of 5 kW.
5 × 3,412 = 17,060 BTU/hr
| Region | Preferred Unit |
|---|---|
| USA & Canada | BTU/hr |
| UK (partial) | BTU/hr & kW |
| EU, Asia, AUS | kW |
If you're purchasing from international suppliers or working with global contractors, understanding both units is vital.
Check the Label: Most heat pumps list both units on their nameplates or spec sheets.
Use Online Tools: Free BTU to kW calculators are widely available for quick conversions.
Don’t Confuse Energy with Power: BTU can also be used for total energy, while BTU/hr measures power (like kW).
Converting between BTU and kW is straightforward once you know the formula. Whether you're selecting a heat pump, comparing brands, or reading technical data, understanding these units ensures accuracy and prevents costly sizing mistakes.
Rule of Thumb:
1 kW = 3,412 BTU/hr
1 BTU/hr = 0.000293 kW
Take the guesswork out of heat pump sizing and make smart decisions based on consistent energy units.
